Долина смерти камчатка: Долина смерти на Камчатке | Kamchatkaland

Долина смерти. Камчатка — Альтернативный взгляд Salik.biz

В мире есть несколько мест, которые называют Долинами смерти. Одна из наших находится на Камчатке возле вулкана с ласковым именем Кихпиныч.

Из-под старины Кихпиныча, то есть из-под земли у западного склона вулкана, выходят на поверхность газы, пар и струи горячей воды. Весь склон вулкана испещрен овражками, по дну которых струятся многочисленные ручейки. Эти небольшие овраги спускаются к термальной площадке, которую и прозвали Долиной смерти.

— Salik.biz

Первое её упоминание в таком качестве относится к 1930-м годам, когда на неё случайно наткнулись охотники. Вышли они на эту долину, когда искали своих пропавших собак. Своих лаек они нашли у западного подножья вулкана, там, где берет начало река Гейзерная. То, что увидели охотники, представляло из себя апокалиптическую картину. Их мертвые собаки лежали на совершенного голой, без единой травинки, земле долины, а кругом, сколько видел глаз, лежало множество всевозможных птиц и всех известных им зверей от мелких грызунов до волков и медведей. Всех забрал проклятый Кихпиныч…

Промысловики спешно ушли из этого гиблого места. Это и их и спасло. Те собаки, которые не заблудились, а вышли вместе с ними в ту долину, по возвращении заболели и сдохли. Людей тоже свалила неведомая болезнь, они мучались постоянными головными болями, теряли вес, чахли, бессильно лежали в постели. К счастью, выздоровели через некоторое время.

То, что увидели в долине охотники, повторяется каждой весной. После того как сошел снег, в долину в поисках еды устремляются мыши и вскоре покрывают своими телами всю долину. На запах мышнй приходят лисы и также погибают. Далее «по списку» вплоть до медведей… Та же печальная участь постигает и местных властителей небес – тихоокеанских белоплечих орланов, которые завидев внизу обильную добычу, устремляются к ней и гибнут не в силах взлететь.

Истории и страшилки о Долине смерти подле Кихпиныча разошлись по всему Советскому Союзу и привлекли не только ученых, но и туристов. Пока ученые, взяв пробы и сделав нужные измерения, искали причину непонятного явления, погибло больше сотни туристов и самодеятельных исследователей. Химический анализ образцов, взятых в Долине смерти, показал очень вымсокие концентрации цианистых соединений, сероводорода и углекислого газа. Те, кто попадал на цианиды, погибали сразу. Сероводородом и углекислым газом Кихпиныч травил более мягко, постепенно – сероводород быстро перестает ощущаться и людям кажется, что они вышли из опасной зоны. А размеры этой зоны составляют два километра в длину и триста метров в ширину.

Долина смерти на Камчатке – Земля

Долина смерти находится в Кроноцком заповеднике на высоте 850 м над уровнем моря у подножья вулкана Кихпиныч, в районе слияния трёх истоков реки Гейзерной. В длину она достигает 2 км, её ширина – несколько сотен метров. Животным лучше обходить это место стороной: здесь гибнет вся живность от мышей до медведей.

Первое её упоминание в таком качестве относится к 1930-м годам, когда на неё случайно наткнулись охотники.

Вышли они на эту долину, когда искали своих пропавших собак. Своих лаек они нашли у западного подножья вулкана, там, где берет начало река Гейзерная. То, что увидели охотники, представляло из себя апокалиптическую картину. Их мертвые собаки лежали на совершенного голой, без единой травинки, земле долины, а кругом, сколько видел глаз, лежало множество всевозможных птиц и всех известных им зверей от мелких грызунов до волков и медведей. Всех забрал Кихпиныч…

Промысловики спешно ушли из этого гиблого места. Это и их и спасло. Те собаки, которые не заблудились, а вышли вместе с ними в ту долину, по возвращении заболели и сдохли. Людей тоже свалила неведомая болезнь, они страдали от постоянных головных болей, теряли вес, чахли, бессильно лежали в постели. К счастью, выздоровели через некоторое время.

То, что увидели в долине охотники, повторяется каждой весной. После того как сошел снег, в долину в поисках еды устремляются мыши и вскоре покрывают своими телами всю долину. На запах мышей приходят лисы и также погибают. Далее «по списку» вплоть до медведей… Та же печальная участь постигает и местных властителей небес – тихоокеанских белоплечих орланов, которые завидев внизу обильную добычу, устремляются к ней и гибнут не в силах взлететь.

Истории и страшилки о Долине смерти подле Кихпиныча разошлись по всему Советскому Союзу и привлекли не только ученых, но и туристов. Пока ученые, взяв пробы и сделав нужные измерения, искали причину непонятного явления, погибло больше сотни туристов и самодеятельных исследователей. Химический анализ образцов, взятых в Долине смерти, показал очень высокие концентрации цианистых соединений, сероводорода и углекислого газа. Те, кто попадал на цианиды, погибали сразу. Сероводородом и углекислым газом Кихпиныч травил более мягко, постепенно – сероводород быстро перестает ощущаться и людям кажется, что они вышли из опасной зоны. А размеры этой зоны составляют два километра в длину и триста метров в ширину.

Камчатка — рай для любителей экстремального туризма. Главное — не забыть взять с собой спецодежду. На ближайшей турбазе в прокате может не оказаться нужной модели.

90000 Death Valley in Kamchatka | Kamchatkaland 90001 90002 90003 «The very first condition of immortality — it is death» 90004 90005 90002 90003 Stanislaw Jerzy Lec 90004 90005 90010 Kronotsky reserve — a place of natural origin, plays a big role in the history of the flora and fauna of the Russian Federation. On its territory, thanks to the skillful actions of employees and scientists have been preserved such rare species as: reindeer, snow sheep, sea otter.Also here since ancient times it is a struggle for the preservation of rare plants such as fir graceful. 90005 90010 This place is known for its many attractions such as volcanoes, lakes, geysers, but a special role in the popularity of this reserve played an interesting and still a strange sight — Death Valley in Kamchatka. We’ll talk in this article about this miracle. 90005 90010 90015 History of Death Valley 90016 90005 90010 In general, the history of this place begins long before the time when it was discovered.The creator of this valley — not a man, but the nature with its sometimes ruthless and inexplicable phenomena: volcanic eruptions, boiling lava, minerals and gases that are in the bowels of the earth. It is a land of paradoxes, the land on which there is a place not only of life, but death as an inseparable part of it. 90005 90010 90005 90010 The official history of Death Valley in Kamchatka begins much years after the appearance of the reserve. For a long time, calculated in years, no one knew about it, although it is in the immediate vicinity of the famous Valley of Geysers, which is revered and loved, both scientists and tourists.90005 90010 It’s funny, but the fact that in those distant Soviet times, one of the expeditions, the main task of which was to study the nature reserve. They camped quite close to this miracle of nature. Their path led from the geysers to Uzon. Scientists have spent several years in the vicinity of the deadly valley. A total of some 300 meters. 90005 90010 90015 From whence death comes? 90016 90005 90010 The official source of one of the expeditions were recorded its presence. Dated this event in тисяча дев’ятсот сімдесят п’ять year.It was found by forester VS Kalyaev and volcanologist Leonov VL. This event from the first day was very significant and very important in the history of the reserve. Then it’s getting more and more interesting. The next 8 years (1975 — 1983) to Death Valley was directed numerous of expeditions with the leading experts of our country. 90005 90010 Volcanologists have collected a lot of samples and analyzes, and made a lot of conclusions and results. All this time they were trying to figure out the natural component of gas (mofetil), «the ruling» in the valley.At this point, it was found a huge number of animals and birds were dying in a deadly land. Thanks to the work done, the scientists found out periods when died those or other kinds of animals. 90005 90010 90035 90005 90010 It all starts with the melting snow in the spring. With the first warm rays of the sun small animals (rodents) and hares come to the Valley of Death. In search of food, they just do not stand a dose of poison. Then, from the mountains down to the valley the larger inhabitants (predators) come to eat the corpses of dead animals, standing on the lower rung of the food chain.90005 90010 For many years spent studying Death Valley, the researchers found here lot of inhabitants: lynx, fox, wolverine, crows, eagles and bears. No one, even though the impressive size and strength could not resist. For the first 8 years of the expedition, and the reserve has been collected about 200 corpses. In the distant past, a scientist from the expedition almost became a victim of this place, as it works without a gas mask. In addition, leaning over the cleft, he received a large dose of poisonous fumes that cause respiratory paralysis.90005 90010 Today, there is more serious approach to solve this problem. Close to Death Valley in Kamchatka permanently live and work several groups of scientists and volunteers who break food chain in the natural environment. They just take away corpses of animals to large animals did not stay in its territory. These actions help to save the lives of many animals. This allows you to save a lot of lives. 90005 90010 90015 Location and Options 90016 90005 90010 On maps, Death Valley on the Kamchatka Peninsula is located in the upper of the river Geyser at the «toe» of the volcano Kikhpinych.It does not take a too large area. The total area is only 2 km long and 500 meters wide. 90005 90010 90050 90005 90010 90015 Death in pure form … 90016 90005 90010 What is the cause of death of those who visit the land of the valley? Everything is very simple. The matter is in a special composition of the gas that is released from cracks of Earth crust. In «mofetes» lethal elements are present: hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide and carbon dioxide. Of course, the dose is not strong enough to «overthrow» the animal to death, but if the animal is here quite a long time, it condemns itself to a certain death.90005 90010 During the experiments, the researchers noticed severe symptoms such as dizziness, headache, weakness and nausea. At one of these expeditions, even was died a dog of one of the researchers, the dog come to the territory of the Valley of Death. 90005 90010 Also it is necessary to focus on the fact that the anomalous zone is located in a recess, which contributes to the accumulation of gases and their great influence on the guests. Particularly dangerous to be here in calm weather, when the poison accumulates and concentrates.90005 90010 90063 90005 90010 90015 Inexplicably, but the fact 90016 90005 90010 Also worth noting are some amazing features associated with death in this place. Scientists are still «scratching their heads» to solve these unexplained facts. 90005 90010 Period poisoning substances in the composition of the gas rising to the surface is very long and, therefore, is not obvious question — «Why do large animals (bears, lynx, and others.) Just will not go away when the first signs of sickness ? » 90005 90010 Found in these places cyanide gas kills everything in the area, even the microbes responsible for the process of rotting dead animals.But in the valley the half-decayed corpses of animals always were found, that is unbelievable. 90005 90010 90015 Why is the death so attractive? 90016 90005 90010 Mystery Death Valley on the Kamchatka Peninsula has not yet been solved by scientists from around the world. It is also dangerous, deadly, bloodthirsty and inexplicable. Despite all this, the anomalous zone is incredibly popular among tourists coming to the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. 90005 90010 Yes, the person attracts all the unknown, but is it worth to touch it, if the nature itself cut it off from encroachments? 90005 90010 http: // kamchatkaland.ru / note / dolina-smerti 90005 .90000 Valley of Death in Kamchatka 90001 90002 The 90003 Valley 90004 of 90003 Death 90004 is situated at the bottom of Kikhpinych Volcano. There is a version saying that 90003 local 90004 hunters were 90003 first 90004 to find the 90003 Valley 90004 in the early 30`s of the 20th 90003 century 90004. The hunters` dogs got lost in the area and later their dead 90003 bodies 90004 were found in the upstream of the Geysernaya 90003 River 90004 at the bottom of Kikhpinych Volcano along 90003 with 90004 multiple corpses of other animals: gluttons, wolves, hares, etc .Although the hunters tried to leave the 90003 Valley 90004 as soon as possible, they marked a sudden deterioration of health. 90023 90024 Multiple expeditions stampeded into 90003 Kamchatka 90004 and tens of researchers-enthusiasts died trying to solve the mystery of the 90003 Valley 90004 of 90003 Death 90004. 90023 90024 In 1975 two scientists — V. Kalyaev (zoologist) and V. Leonov (volcanist) — officially registered mass mortality of birds and animals here. In the brook with a gloomy name Noxious they noticed unusual grey-yellow boulders that looked like sleeping bears.When the scientists 90003 came 90004 90003 closer 90004 to the boulders they found that it could hardly be a mistake: they saw bears that were not sleeping but dead. The bears` fur was covered with a 90003 small 90004 grey sulfur blush. 90023 90024 A research that followed the scientists` finding showed that in windless 90003 weather 90004 part of the 90003 valley 90004 was filled with a mixture of volcanic gases that consisted mainly of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. At the same time the scientists found an almost complete absence of oxygen within 1-metre height 90003 from 90004 the ground surface.That formed a kind of gas trap which killed the animals that happened to get there. In addition, only in 1982 the scientists ascertained that the volcanic gases also contained highly toxic cyanic compounds. 90023 90024 Staff of the Kronotsky Sanctuary 90003 regularly 90004 monitors the 90003 Valley 90004 of 90003 Death 90004. They have already registered disappearance of nearly 25 various animal species. Amongst them are bears, foxes, hares, treecreepers, ermines, gluttons, sables, crows, partridges, and other animals.90023 90024 Apart from monitoring the area the scientists also examine the brook and eliminate dead animal bodies as they attract predators and scavengers and therefore increase the chain of victims. The sanctuary staff holds all works at the 90003 Valley 90004 using the toughest measures of chemical protection. 90023 90024 Concentration of deadly gases, especially hydrogen sulfide, is particularly high at certain 90003 seasons 90004. As soon as the snow melts at the 90003 Valley 90004, a 90003 great 90004 number of mice rush there and die 90003 after 90004 inhaling the poisonous substance.Dead mice attract foxes that also die poisoned by hydrogen sulfide. The smell of dead foxes like a magnet attracts bears and gluttons? the fate of these animals is easy to predict. However, that is not all: Steller`s sea eagles notice dead bear bodies descent to the 90003 Valley 90004 in search of food and stay there forever? 90023 90024 It is known that there are similar 90003 valleys 90004 on other continents but they mainly cause 90003 deaths 90004 by carbon dioxide, while? Hydrogen sulfide 90003 deaths 90004? can be found only at 90003 Kamchatka 90004.90023.90000 Valley of Geysers — Kamchatkaland 90001 90002 Discovery of the Valley of Geysers 90003 90004 The Valley of Geysers was found in тисяча дев’ятсот сорок одна and is one of the most prominent geographic discoveries in the 20th of century which was committed by members of Kronotsky Nature Reserve, by a geomorphologist, Tatyana Ustinova and an inspector, Anisifor Krupnenin. 90005 90004 This event can be named as a fortunate, because initially a goal of hike itinerary involved the territory exploration was only to find the sources of the Tikhaya and Shumnaya rivers.The task was committed and it was found that the Tikhaya river is not a source of the river flowing out of the caldera of the Uzon volcano. There is a deep gorge located between Kikhpinych volcano and neighboring mountain range and from which powerful going out of hydrogen sulfide. Exploring the Shumnaya river, Tatyana Ustinova and her assistants unfold a large waterfall and thermal glade on the opposite side of the river. The first discovered geyser located a few meters away from this spot, and represented itself unexpectedly, streaming out a large spout of hot boiling water from the opposite side of the river.It was named as Pervenets (Firstborn). 90005 90008 90004 Further exploration continued in the summer of that year. A lot of hot springs was discovered and explored. A telegram to Moscow was sent about this surprising discover of those years. However, Tatyana’s work was terminated due to military situation and because of lack of money for further exploration. Later, Tatyana Ustinova visited the valley of geysers again in 1944 and in 1979. 90005 90002 International significance of the Valley of Geysers in Russia 90003 90004 The Valley of Geysers located in the most eastern part of Russia and it takes a second place after geyser field in the USA.However, comparing with other fields this object in Kamchatka is the most compacted, because the territory with length of 4 kilometers has more than 50 thermal spring and 40 geysers. 90005 90004 Increasing of human impact on nature and especially construction of geothermal power plants is resulting in irretrievable losses of these unique nature sights. Evidence of this fact is a loss of all the geysers on the territory of Iceland and common quantity of geysers locating beyond of Yellowstone Park in the USA.90005 90004 Geyser periodically erupts their depth in the gushing form is unique natural phenomena in its kind, because thermodynamic conditions which are necessary for this kind of activity are relatively rare. There are only 5 enough large geyser areas all over the world. They locate in the USA, New Zealand, Iceland, Chile and Russia. 90005 90019 90002 Landscape of the Geysernaya river valley 90003 90004 The riverbed of the Geysernaya river is enough straight from the place of the upper reaches in the west direction and its gorge has wide of about 200-300 meters.The gorge walls have height from 100 to 500 meters above water level. Further the river changes its direction to south-west and the gorge of the valley gradually broadens to wide of 800 meters and it has depths to 250 meters. 90005 90004 Relief changes after confluence of two rivers: the Pravaya (Right) and Levaya (Left) Geysernaya rivers. The riverbed heads to the south and extends for 2,5 kilometers. Levaya and Pravaya river banks become steeper. The depth of gorge, running into the mountain plateau, reaches 400 meters.The Verkhne-Geysernoye thermal field locates there. 90005 90004 Changing its direction after thermal field the area expands to 1,5 kilometers. There we will see Troynoy waterfall, as well as Verkhny (Upper) geysers in the riverbed. The Valley of Geysers starts there. 90005 90004 Maximum depth of the Geysernaya river is at the place lower than Goryachaya river, near the Geysernoy lake which is one of the most southern sights located on the territory of the protected area. The last 2,5 kilometers of the Geysernaya river is the concretion of geysers and other thermal springs.90005 90030 90002 Hydrothermal system of the Valley of Geysers 90003 90004 The Valley of Geysers has numerous surface thermal manifestations which are connected to the Geyser hydrothermal system. Hydrothermal system presents the place of concentration of high-temperature underground water, which is located in defined geological structure and heated by thermal stream flowing from magma chamber lied closer to the water. The feature of high-temperature water is its boiling at different levels of flows.Thus, it creates hot springs on the surface, as well as hot mud pots, stream vents and geysers. 90005 90004 The collapse of the southeastern side of Uzon-Geysernoy depression happened about 9-12 thousand years ago and it was a result of pressure lowing and its discharge. The last of 5-6 thousand year discharge was 400-500m, and it can be a possible reason of geyser system in the valley. Such different thermal outputs were cause by the fact that the Geysernaya river, cutting the rock mass, opens the upper part of the system and creates the conditions for drainage.90005 90004 Amount of common discharge of the system reaches 250 hp. 90005 90039 90002 Thermal fields of the Geysernaya river valley 90003 90004 The river valley includes 2 thermal fields: Verkne-Geysernoye and Geysernoye. 90005 90004 The first one locates at the left bank on the middle course of the river and it has a length of 1,5 kilometers. There are no boiling mud pots or hot springs, but you can observe numerous stream outputs and heated soil. 90005 90004 The second thermal field is Geysernoye.It begins from the place where the Geysernoy river flowing in the Shumnaya river and it stretches for 4 kilometers for both banks of the river. This territory is accumulation of different manifestation of thermal regime, ranging from pulsating springs to large geysers. 90005 90004 As a rule, tourists visit only the central part of thermal field where there are the main geysers and safety paved paths. 90005 90050 90002 Soils of the Valley of Geysers 90003 90004 Kronotsky Nature Reserve is the place where constant changes of elements happen.Upper impact is exerted on the territory of Nature Reserve and the Valley of Geysers by living organisms and independent factors of environment, but below, warmth of subsurface areas also exerts a large impact, especially, on the limited territories. Intensive ash falls make current soil cover more diverse. 90005 90004 Soils have, in their way, rare thermal regime, thanks to it they do not freeze and transformation of solid substance lasts for a whole year. In comparison with volcano, termozem has loamy composition and there are soils with different colors from yellow-red to white and ochry in its interburden.Salt with warmth goes out from the ground, so that it creates new formation not like the local landscape. 90005 90057 90002 Flora and fauna 90003 90004 The valley of geysers is surrounded by diverse vegetation. There are mountain and tundra areas. Alder elfins covering mountain slopes and surface of watershed takes up a dominant position. Also, you will be able to see a group of birch vegetation. Erosive slopes of the valley, rocky areas and riverbed of watercourses are almost deprived of it.90005 90004 Places of thermal outlets presents by thermophilic fauna communities. Depending on the concrete location of vegetation community differs with sizes, configuration and contents. 90005 90004 Ecological factors, investigated on the territory of the Valley of Geysers impacts on some classification of fauna. Sergey Lipshiz and Hans Trass defined three classifications of this vegetation of this place: 90005 90066 90067 vegetation, which locates only on the territory of thermal activity 90068 90067 vegetation, which locates on the heat areas 90068 90067 vegetation, locates as on the areas with thermal conditions, as on the areas without it.90068 90073 90004 Some scientists think that manifestation of thermal activity forwards natural formation of new species of vegetation. Distribution of such species of vegetation in the surrounding of hot springs is microbelt character. The first definition of such character was given by Hans Trass in 1963. 90005 90004 Some species of flora are a part of rare and vulnerable species, due to this reason they are listed in Red book of different level, such as from regional to international one.90005 90078 90004 The territory of Kronotsky Nature Reserve includes 58 rare species of fauna, 15 of these ones are in the valley of the Geysernaya river. 4 species of vegetation are listed in Red Book of Russia, juncus articulates is international importance, and another 10 species locates on the way of excursion route in the Valley of Geysers. 90005 90004 One of Orchid species is Chinese spiranthes which was found only within area of ​​the Geysernaya river. Concentration of this vegetation species varies and depends on the place of its growth.It was believed that after disastrous landslide in 2007 this species was lost for Kamchatka region, but after several years it was found again on the same territory. Thanks to fimbristylis dipsacea it is possible to define high-temperature areas. 90005 90004 Among thermal springs you will see Erman’s birch which is a famous species there. Its age is about 300 years old. There was the field camp of discoverers of the Valley of Geysers near this tree in spring 1941. In 2011 this tree was awarded the status «Nature monument».90005 90004 Depending on location of vegetation along the territory of thermal activity changes not only its composition, but quantitative specification of coens. 90005 90004 Thermal areas play an important role for survival of some animal species. A whole complex of insects living there for a year was formed there and due to temperature conditions it reaches high number. Birds use thermal warmth for growing their brood and for feeding. There is a distribution of animals in certain seasons which is due to the vegetation of plants, as well as the lack of forage in other regions of the peninsula.90005 90089 90002 The Valley of Geysers in winter and in summer 90003 90004 This place is diverse with not only manifestation of different ecosystem, but with climate as well. Thus, height differences and numerous thermal manifestations create all possible climatic conditions on its territory. 90005 90004 The Valley of Geysers locates 40 kilometers away from the Pacific Ocean and the height varies from 600 to 1400 meters above sea level. Rainfall amounts reach about 2 000 mm per year and which is the fundamental factor of formation of snowfield with a height of several meters.90005 90004 In the valley winter is mild and there is no strong frost. Winter lasts about 180 days. In the beginning of November the first permanent snow covers is territory and snow melt only closer to the end of June. In snowy winter the height of snow cover can reach 6 meters. Temperature of the Geysernaya river is 24-28 С. 90005 90098 90004 Spring is much shorter there and lasts from 56 to 77 days a year. The first thawed patches occur there only in May. Temperature of the Geysernaya river water falls to 16-18С because of spring flood and snow melting.90005 90004 Summer there like on the entire Kamchatka peninsula passes quickly for 60-90 days and it is enough chilly. The Valley of Geysers is often surrounded by fog. However, when weather is clear, wonderful ecosystem of the valley opens before you in full. 90005 90004 When autumn comes, the valley is covered with bright paints. Average daily temperatures become lower at the same time when snow falls. The first cyclones come. Precipitation grows. As a rule, autumn is dry and short. Change to winter time happens sharply.90005 90002 History of modification 90003 90004 Nature complex with name of the Valley of Geysers is a system which is under permanent motion. The reason is geological position, features of hydrothermal load, relief of slopes, numerous fissures, as well as distortion of surface. These changes happen permanently, and some of them are unexpectedness for scientists. 90005 90004 For the last 25 years the Valley of Geysers on Kamchatka went through 3 global transformations. 90005 90004 Typhoon Elsa brought an unprecedented amount of rainfall on the 4th of October, 1987, and was a cause of water rise in the Geysernaya river for 3 meters.Passing flow of mud and boulders washed away many springs and destroyed existence of a geyser such as Bolshaya pechka. 90005 90004 June 3, 2007 was marked by a large landslide, formed as a result of the collapse of the slopes at the head of the Vodopadny river. The large blocks of rock were broken, so the landslide had mudstone flow. Landslide of 2007 stretched for 1,7 kilometers and width from 200 to 400 meters. This landslide is the largest which was recorded in Russia. The result of this event was entire reformation of central part of the valley.After a few years Geysernaye lake was formed there, but the 21st geyser was lost irretrievable. 90005 90115 90004 New landslide descended on the 4th of January, 2014. The reason was a collapse of the edge with lava flow on Zheltaya volcano. Size changes of Geysernoy lake and change of regime of a lot of geysers happened. A lot of geysers was covered with landslide flow passing the territory of the valley at great speed. The main scenic geyser ensemble «Vitrazh» was higher than flow, and his springs were not touched.90005 90002 Scientific investigations, tourism and volunteer on the territory of the valley 90003 90004 The valley of geysers, as well as the entire area of ​​the river is an open laboratory, unique system attracting specialists from different spheres every year. Research includes field of knowledge, such as fauna and flora, influence of anthropogenic factors on the nature of the area and in recent years, reveal the value of this sight to people and providing ecosystem services to humanity.For investigating the mandatory condition is non-interference into natural processes, in connection with that fact scientists use modern technological equipment. 90005 90004 Since the beginning of 1990 the Geysernaya river and the Valley of Geysers became open for a visit. There is an excursion route. Every year more than 3500 tourists visit this place, and every year this number increase As a rule, the excursion route along the valley lasts about 1,5 hours and on your way you will see the consequences of landslide in 2007, Geysernoye lake, geyser complex «Vitrazh» and erupting geysers Fontan, Dvoynoy, Nepostoyanny, Aver’evsky, Bolshoy, Velikan, Vrata Ada, water pots Golyboy and Krugly and many other springs.The route is available all year round and you will be accompanied by a qualified guide of nature park and an inspector of safety administration. All the sights visiting along the way of the tour are equipped with flooring trails and viewing platforms. Travelers can visit the visit- center. 90005 90124 90004 Volunteering in the nature park is always welcome. People provides services for no gaining financial or social benefits and performs different kind of work, such as research or providing excursion services.90005 90002 All-Union tourist route № 264 90003 90004 Information about discovery of the Valley of Geysers spread around the world, attracting travelers ‘and scientists’ attention. During the period from 1961 to тисячу дев’ятсот шістьдесят сім Nature Park was closed and All-Union tourist route № 264 was opened on its territory in 1963. As well, in 1966 the base for travelers and camps were built. The total length of the route is about 160 kilometers. For 10 years 15 000 travelers passed this path. 90005 90004 In the first years it was noticed a strong change in the natural ensemble of the valley.Scientists began to understand all the scales of negative recreational impact. In 1977 the route became unavailable, because its functioning was a serious threat to natural complex. However, it did not prevent curious travelers to visit it. Later it became obvious that the forbidden measures did not help and it is necessary to find a compromise not only to eliminate the causes of degradation, but also to preserve this territory. 90005 90004 Since the late of the 1980s Valley of Geysers became opened for travelers again.However, this history served to solve many questions about the modern nature management of the sanctuary. Soil and vegetation cover were very vulnerable to the impacts exerted by tourists and it was decided to minimize the impact by building a flat path along the excursion route. Another important factor of recreational impact is the anxiety of local animals which left their places during All-Russian route №264. Thus, every year there is «month of silence» arranging in the sanctuary in order to eliminate noisy impact on animal life in the territory of the sanctuary.90005 90135 90002 Sannikov Land 90003 90004 A famous film Sannikov Land came out in 1973. This story is about search of mysterious island located behind polar circle where there is a microclimate and gold deposit in accordance with scientists ‘hypothesis. In the plot characters succeeded in finding this secret place. Interesting fact is that shooting of film Sannikov land was in the valley of geysers in Kronotsky Nature Reserve. Those who did not watch this film, we recommend to watch.90005 90140 90004 For tourists 90005 90004 Whatch our new video from the tour «Top 5 sights of Kamchatka» 90005 90004 90005 90004 90005 90004 During the excursion a guide will tell you more stories about this place, and you will also visit the caldera of the Uzon volcano and take bathing in hot springs in Nalychevo. 90005 90151 90152 .90000 Volcanoes, Valley of geysers and Valley of Death :: :: Travel :: Russia-InfoCentre 90001 90002 To begin with, a little geography. Kamchatka, one of the most outstanding volcanic regions in the world, is a peninsula in the north-east of the Eurasia. It lies between the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk to the west. The spine of the peninsula is the Kamchatka or Central Range. Along the southeast cost is the Vostochny or Eastern Range. Between these is the central valley. The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island as well are parts of the Kamchatka Territory.Kamchatka is famous with its Volcanoes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 12% active volcanoes in the world are situated on the Kamchatka peninsula. The second thing, drawing the interest to this place, is the Valley of Geysers, equal in beauties to geysers of Island and ones of Yellowstone Park and New Zealand as well. Moreover, a strange and grim Valley of Death is also situated there. 90003 90004 KAMCHATKA EXPEDITION — BOOK HERE 90003 90002 Volcanoes of Kamchatka are a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.Although many volcanoes are active, their eruptions usually are not destructive. A considerable part of them is situated mainly along the Kamchatka River. The large volcanic belts flanking the valley, surrounding the river, include 160 volcanoes, and 29 of them are the active ones. Total amount of the volcanoes, which are situated on the Kamchatka Territory, reaches 300. Volcanoes leave an unforgettable impression on everybody, they are unbelievably beautiful, but the most effective are tree ones: Kluchevskoy, Koryaksky and Kronotsky volcanoes, the absolute heights of them are 4,750 m, 3,456 m and 3,528 m respectively).Each of them could pretend to be a symbol of all the Kamchatka volcanoes. 90003 90002 Kluchevskoy is the biggest active volcano in Eurasia — 4,750m over the sea level. It has a perfect, incredibly beautiful cone. It forms the Kluchevskaya group of volcanoes together with Kamen (Stone), Bezymyanny (Unnamed), Plosky (Flat) Tolbachik. Kluchevskoy is about 8,000 years old. The first registered eruption took place in 1697. In average, the eruptions took place every five years, at certain time periods they happened annually, and sometimes there were continuos eruptions lasting for a number of years.However, they have never imposed a severe danger upon the inhabitants of Kluchi, which is situated in 30 km from it. Koryak is stratospheric volcano with perfect rib cone. Its height is 3456 m above the sea level. The cone is covered with glaciers. The steam vents lie near the top, and the rocks at those places are changed to colored clay with abundant deposit of sulphur, gyps, ammonia etc. 90003 90002 Kronotsky volcano looks maybe the most effective, glassing in the largest lake of Kamchatka.Except these ones, the Uzon Caldera is worth to see. The Uzon Caldera (a ring-like hollow) developed 40 thousand years ago on the place of a huge volcano, which was destroyed by a set of bursting eruptions. The last cataclysm inside the caldera (8,500 years ago) left its trace as a blasting crater about one kilometer in diameter. The following centuries of intensive hydro-thermal activity have developed a unique symbiosis of volcanoes and wildlife in Uzon. Being a part of the Kronotsky nature reserve, it is registered as a natural site specially cared for.90003 90012 90003 90002 The Uzon Caldera is about 10 km in diameter, and inside it, behind steep walls, a complete «museum» collection of everything that Kamchatka is famous for is situated: hot sources and cold rivers, poisonous mud cauldrons and pure lakes full of fish , a berry tundra and a birch forest, mountains and bogs, animals and birds. 90003 90002 The Valley of Geysers is a part of the Kronotsky nature reserve, a world miracle, detected by chance. The valley is difficult to reach, with helicopters providing the only feasible means of transport.The Valley of Geysers is the only geyser field in Eurasia (apart from the Mutnovsky geyser field on the same peninsula) and the second largest concentration of geysers in the world. This 6 km long basin with approximately ninety geysers and many hot springs is situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, predominantly on the left bank of the ever-deepening Geysernaya River. The «pulsating» geysers of Kamchatka were discovered by a local scientist, Tatiana Ustinova, in 1941. She published her findings fourteen years later, but there was little exploration of the area until 1972.A systematic survey was undertaken in the mid-1970s, and an automatic monitoring system was introduced in 1990. Over thirty geysers were given names; among these was the geyser Velikan (Giant), it can produce a jet of water reaching up to 40 meters. Some geysers function every 10-12 minutes, others erupt once in 4-5 hours. The wreathes of steam, fountains of boiling water, incredible colors of slopes, hot water streaming along them and profuse greenery of grasses and trees create an enchanting spectacle.The traveler should, however keep in mind, that this place is not safe. The most dangerous spots in the Valley of geysers are covered with grass looking harmless. A burning hot slush can be under this grass. The acid can attack your trousers, when you sit down on the stone. But the places, where wormwood grows, are usually safe. A massive mudflow on the June 3, 2007 swept away two thirds of the valley, now only some of the geysers are active. 90003 90012 90003 90002 The Valley of Death is a small place in the upper reaches of the Geysernaya River.The toxic gases and volatile substances are killing the animals, birds and even the people, coming there by accident. 90003 90002 READ MORE ARTICLES ABOUT KAMCHATKA … 90003 90024 Booking.com 90003 90002 Sources: 90027 www.kamchatka.org.ru, wiki.web.ru 90003 90002 Yulia Buzykina 90003 .